蔡海燕^{1，2，3，4}，何 伟⁵，蒋奇男^{1，2，3，4}，吴 超⁵，黄裕隆^{1，2，3，4}，刘义会^{1，2，3，4}，余 航^{1，2，3，4*}，杨 静^5*

（1.四川省食品发酵工业研究设计院有限公司，成都611130；2.酿酒生物技术及应用四川省重点实验室，宜宾644000；3.刘念酿酒师技能大师工作室，成都611130；4.中国轻工业酿酒工程及应用重点实验室，成都611130；5.四川全兴酒业有限公司，成都611637）

摘要：为提前预防窖泥退化，准确识别退化窖泥，该文从质量指标、微生物群落结构、差异化合物三个方面对比退化窖泥和正常窖泥的差异。结果表明：退化窖泥pH（5.96）、耐热芽孢杆菌总数（4.2×1010个/g）、产酸能力（344.4mg/g）均显著低于正常窖泥（P＜0.05）；通过高通量测序解析微生物群落结构，古菌群落是造成退化窖泥和正常窖泥微生物群落结构差异的主要因素。退化窖泥中甲烷囊状菌属、甲烷泡菌属较正常窖泥极显著降低（P＜0.01）；退化窖泥中甲烷卵圆形菌属较正常窖泥显著降低（P＜0.05）；退化窖泥中甲烷杆菌属、甲烷热杆菌属较正常窖泥显著提高（P＜0.05）。通过GC-MS分析窖泥中化合物，共发现13个差异化合物，与正常窖泥相比，退化窖泥中乳酸、甲基半乳糖苷、1,2,4-苯三酚、辛酸、4-甲基苯酚5种化合物含量上升；半乳糖醇、己酸乙酯、丁二酸、己酸、苏糖醇、来苏糖、L-苏氨酸、酪醇8种化合物降低。

关键词：退化窖泥；微生物群落；化合物；差异

中图分类号：TS261.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-506X（2025）02-0001-0007

Comparative Study on Biochemical Indicators in Degraded Pit Mud and Normal Pit Mud

CAI Haiyan^1,2,3,4, HE Wei⁵, JIANG Qinan^1,2,3,4, WU Chao⁵, HUANG Yulong^1,2,3,4, LIU Yihui^1,2,3,4, YU Hang^1,2,3,4*, YANG Jing^5*

(1.Sichuan Food and Fermentation Industry Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China;

2.Liquor-making Biotechnology & Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin 644000, China;

3.Liu Nian's Master Studio of Oenological Skills, Chengdu 611130, China;

4.Key Laboratory of Brewing Engineering and Application of China National Light Industry Council, Chengdu 611130, China;

5.Sichuan Quanxing Liquor Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611637, China)

Abstract: To prevent the degradation of pit mud in advance and accurately identify degraded pit mud, this article compared the differences between degraded pit mud and normal pit mud from three aspects: quality indicators, microbial communities, and differential compounds. The results showed that the pH of degraded pit mud (5.96), the number of heat-resistant Bacillus sp.(4.2×1010/g), and the acid production capacity(344.4mg/g)were significantly lower than those of normal pit mud (P＜0.05); by analyzing the microbial community structure through high-throughput sequencing, the archaeal community was the main factor causing the difference in microbial community structure between degraded pit mud and normal pit mud. Compared with normal pit mud, in the degraded pit mud Methanoculleus and Methanofollis were extremely reduced (P＜0.01), Methanocalculus were significantly reduced (P＜0.05); while Methanobacterium and Methanothermobacter were significantly increased (P＜0.05). Through GC-MS analysis of the compounds in the pit mud, a total of 13 differential compounds were found. Compared with normal pit mud, five compounds’ contents of lactic acid, methyl galactoside,1,2,4-benzenetriol, octanoic acid, and 4-methylphenol in the degraded pit mud were increased; eight compounds, galactitol, ethyl hexanoate, succinic acid, hexanoic acid, threitol, lysose, L-threonine, tyrosol, were reduced.

Keywords: degraded pit mud; microbial community; compounds; difference

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-506X.2024-006